All Apologies

The text of Kevin Rudd’s apology has been tabled today in federal parliament ahead of its reading as the first item of business tomorrow. The text reflects on the mistreatment of the Stolen Generations, which it calls a “blemished chapter” in Australian history. Rudd will apologise for laws and policies of successive Parliaments and governments and the removal of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families. The apology is aimed at the “Stolen Generations, their descendants and for their families left behind”. Rudd will also say sorry for “the indignity and degradation thus inflicted on a proud people and a proud culture”.

The apology will come 11 years after the release of the 'Bringing Them Home' report found the forced removal of Aboriginal children was a gross violation of human rights. With former PM John Howard refusing to say sorry, Kevin Rudd made a public apology an election commitment. However the new Prime Minister had faced criticism for delaying the release of the text of the apology. His argument was he had to consult with Aboriginal group to make sure it was right. Opposition leader Brendan Nelson has confirmed the Coalition will give its bipartisan support to the apology now that it has seen the exact words. However the Greens will try to amend the motion to include compensation, something that Rudd has ruled out.

Tasmanian Aboriginal activist and lawyer Michael Mansell told the ABC he supported the apology but hoped it would contain references to compensation as well as expecting it to contain references an explanation why it happened. He said he was pleased the word “sorry” appears the text three times. "We are looking forward to working with the Prime Minister and the Government to work out the terms of the compensation package if that's what the words mean," he said.

Mansell is likely to be disappointed. New Indigenous affairs minister Jenny Macklin said last month Labor would not be creating a compensation fund for members of the Aboriginal Stolen Generations. This is despite the view of the Labor senators on the Stolen Generations enquiry who recommended a tribunal be established to look at reparation and monetary compensation. The report found that almost every Aboriginal family in the country was affected by the forcible removal policy.

The release of the apology text came after today’s official opening of parliament which included a first ever ‘welcome to country’ ceremony by the traditional owners of the land. The new ceremony was warmly endorsed by Brendan Nelson who said "I don’t think the opening of our Parliaments will ever be the same again and that is good". The members of the parliament were sworn in by High Court Chief Justice Anthony Gleeson. Later came the quaint ritual of the Usher of the Black Rod stating that “His Excellency the Governor-General desires the attendance of honourable Members in the Senate Chamber” to officially open the parliament. The only items of business on day one were a series of condolence motions including those for former parliamentarians Kim Beazley snr and Peter Andren and the three Australian soldiers killed in Afghanistan in the last six months.

But the main buzz outside the House was the impending apology. The activist group Getup! laid 4,000 candles outside the building spelling out the words “sorry, the first step”. The group’s Executive Director Brett Solomon said the candles were a symbol of hope which also recognised the darkness they illuminate. “The ‘sorry is the first step’ message is much more than just a celebration,” he said “It fills our minds for the journey ahead for a reconciled nation.”

Solomon’s sentiment is echoed in the final words of Rudd apology text. It is a call to look forward to a “future where all Australians, whatever their origins, are truly equal partners, with equal opportunities and with an equal stake in shaping the next chapter in the history of this great country”. An apology is certainly the first step in reconciliation, but it is hardly a guaranteed gateway to equal opportunity and equal stakes. That will take money, and lots of it. Whether or not the new Government is prepared to compensate the Stolen Generations, it needs to seriously ramp up spending on Aboriginal health issues to end the criminal situation where Aboriginal life expectancy is 20 years lower than for White Australia. That will take a lot more than an apology to solve.

Labor says no to Stolen Generations compensation

The Australian government has ruled out compensation for members of the Aboriginal Stolen Generations despite pleas from Indigenous leaders and the recommendations of an enquiry into the issue. Indigenous affairs minister Jenny Macklin said Labor would not be creating a compensation fund. She said the way forward was to tackle the prevailing problems in the community, such as the massive gap in life expectancy between Aborigines and the rest of Australia. "The point of the national apology really is to provide a bridge of respect between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.” She said.

The government statement runs counter to the view stated by Labor senators on the Stolen Generations enquiry who recommended a tribunal be established to look at reparation and monetary compensation. Democrat Senator Andrew Bartlett has asked what has changed their mind in Government and calls Macklin’s statement the most “unequivocal rejection” Labor has made on the issue in recent years. Bartlett said it was counter-productive to issue an apology without considering the other unimplemented recommendations of the enquiry.

Stolen Generations Victoria agrees a fund is needed. Chair Lyn Austin called on victims to consider suing the government if it failed to establish a compensation fund. She compared the Stolen Generations to victims of crime who get paid compensation "You are looking at the gross violation and the act of genocide and all the inhumane things that have happened to our people,” she said. "We are actually thinking that ourselves, myself and another five siblings that were adopted into a family, are considering a class action.”

The controversy occurs as the Prime Minister Kevin Rudd prepares to honour an election commitment by reading out an apology when federal parliament resumes next month. In 1997, the 700 page 'Bringing Them Home' report found the removal of Aboriginal children was a gross violation of human rights and that forcible removal amounted to an act of genocide. The then Howard government refused to consider compensation instead deciding to provide welfare measures to lift health and education standards for Australia's native communities.

Howard also refused to apologise for fear of opening the door to compensation claims. However as formal apologies were read out in various state parliaments, the pressure mounted on Howard to respond. In 1999 he drafted a motion expressing "deep and sincere regret" over the issue and called the stolen generation "the most blemished chapter" in Australia's history. However his government also called into question whether in fact the “stolen generation” actually existed saying there weren’t enough children taken to warrant the description.

This claim was hotly denied by historians and the Indigenous community. Aboriginal leaders had demanded a billion dollars in reparations for at least 100,000 children who were forcibly placed in orphanages or foster care between 1870 and 1967, with the intention of assimilating them into white Australia. The Bringing them Home report stated that almost every Aboriginal family in the country was affected by the policy.

In its address to readers, the report didn’t just expose the abuses of the past. It also asked that “the whole community listens with an open heart and mind to the stories of what has happened in the past and, having listened and understood, commit itself to reconciliation.” In this, the report was calling for an active ethical engagement on the part of its readers to become involved in the justice process by acknowledging the loss and harm that had been done to the Indigenous community. This latest decision from the newly installed Labor government shows Australia remains a long way short of that commitment.